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RT @PradeepMadapura@twitter.com
We just released a massively revised version of the paper. Overall, we show for the first time #LINE1 with #H4K16ac function as #enhancers to rewire the regulatory landscape of the genome https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.29.488986v2 feedback welcome! https://twitter.com/PradeepMadapura/status/1520340222382329856
: https://twitter.com/PradeepMadapura/status/1593132480680562688
bioRxivH4K16ac activates transcription of transposable elements and contribute to their cis regulatory functionMammalian genomes harbour a large number of transposable elements (TEs) and their remnants. Many epigenetic repression mechanisms are known to silence TE transcription. However, TEs are upregulated during early development, neuronal lineage, and cancers, although the epigenetic factors contributing to the transcription of TEs have yet to be fully elucidated. Here we demonstrated that the male-specific lethal (MSL) complex mediated acetylation of histone H4 lysine 16 (H4K16ac) activates transcription of long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE1, L1) and long terminal repeats (LTRs). Furthermore, we show that the H4K16ac marked L1 and LTR subfamilies function as enhancers and are enriched with chromatin features associated with active enhancers and looping factors. L1 and LTRs enriched with histone acetylations are bound by chromatin looping factors and these regions loop with genes. CRISPR-based epigenetic perturbation and genetic deletion of L1s reveal that H4K16ac marked L1s and LTRs regulate the expression of genes in cis. Overall, TEs enriched with H4K16ac contribute to the cis-regulatory landscape of a significant portion of the mammalian genome by maintaining an active chromatin landscape at TEs.
### Competing Interest Statement
The authors have declared no competing interest.